In terms of fitting a PICAXE into any board designed for a PICmicro it's really about I/O usage and voltage compatibility than any internal chip functional differences.
If the board is configured so it puts an input into a specific PICAXE leg and that leg is output only on a PICAXE, or it expects a necessary signal line to be driven by something which is input only on a PICAXE, you probably will run into problems.
If a board relies on internal pull-ups being enabled on the PICmicro and the PICAXE doesn't provide for such internal pull-ups then buttons will not work without modification and so forth. If a 'receive line' needs to go into a schmitt input and the PICAXE's leg it goes to is a TTL input there could be problems.
There are far to many if's for Rev-Ed to say if a PICAXE is compatible with any particular third-party development board or not. As probably expected, our recommendation would be to use Rev-Ed boards which are designed to be compatible. My personal thoughts are that, if trying to save money, you have to weigh up the cost of all that effort making sure it will work and modifying any board before even plugging a PICAXE chip in.
As to pricing for the future 28X2 and 40X2, I have no knowledge there but I would not expect them to be unreasonable priced.