The last number in a 24LC256 etc is usually the number of kilobits, so for 24LC16 that's 16 kilobits, 2 kilobytes, for 24LC256 that's 256 kilobits, 32 kiliobytes.
That's not always entirly true, eg 24LC1025 is 1024 kilobits, 128 kilobytes.
There is an ambiguity, manufacturers often use "K" for kilobits (Kb), programmers often take "K" as kilobytes (KB), some publishers get their KB and kb confused, and that can happen where descriptions are upper-cased. Best bet is to look at the manufacturer's datasheet.
Two things to also note -
For "MB" sizes of SD Card and the like the M is often million of bytes (1,000,000) not megabytes (1,048,576)
For "kHz" the k should be lower-case